The LTC Buyout Offer: How to Weigh the Cash Against Keeping Your Policy

Of every option a long-term care carrier puts in front of an in-force policyholder, the buyout is the only one that pays cash to you — and it is the only one that is genuinely irreversible. Every other path on a rate-increase letter keeps some form of the policy alive: reduced, paid-up, or intact. The buyout ends it. You take a check; the coverage is gone; there is no changing your mind next year. That combination — a real number in your pocket, and a door that locks behind you — is exactly why the buyout deserves the most scrutiny of anything on the letter, not the least.

It is also the option carriers have grown more willing to extend. As insurers manage down the older long-term care blocks they can no longer price profitably, a lump-sum offer to a policyholder is a clean way to retire a long-dated liability. That doesn't make the offer a trap. But it does mean the number was calculated to serve the carrier's balance sheet first — and understanding how it was built is the difference between a buyout that fits your situation and one that quietly transfers value away from you.

What a buyout offer actually is

A long-term care buyout is a one-time cash payment the carrier offers in exchange for the full surrender and termination of your policy. You sign; the policy ends; the carrier sends a lump sum. There is no residual coverage, no paid-up benefit, no ability to reinstate. Transamerica and John Hancock have both filed cash buyout offers with state regulators to reduce their in-force long-term care liabilities, offered alongside — or as an alternative to — a rate increase. (Genworth's cash payments are different: they are class-action settlement payments made to policyholders who elect reduced benefits, not offers to end the policy.) For Transamerica's offer in detail, see Transamerica's long-term care buyout offer.

The crucial point is what a buyout is not. It is not a nonforfeiture benefit, and it is not a refund of your premiums. It is a negotiated price to make the policy disappear, and like any price the other party quotes you, it is set at the level that is good for them.

The number confusion that costs people the most

The single most common mistake we see is a policyholder comparing the wrong two numbers. A carrier options letter often lists both a Contingent Nonforfeiture figure and a Buy-Out figure, in adjacent columns, and they measure completely different things:

Because both options share the same headline feature — you stop paying premiums — policyholders routinely mistake the contingent nonforfeiture number for their "buyout." They are not interchangeable. One is a paid-up insurance benefit you can only ever use for care; the other is spendable cash that closes the policy. The confusion is easy to fall into: a policyholder may treat a $38,000 paid-up benefit as their cash buyout, when the actual cash offer in the next column reads $45,000 — a materially different number for a permanent decision. The two figures can diverge in either direction. The first task with any letter, then, is simply to establish which column is cash and which is paid-up coverage. We walk through the paid-up side in detail in Contingent Nonforfeiture, Explained, and the full menu of choices in The LTC Rate-Hike Letter: Five Options Inside the Decision Window.

Why the buyout number is what it is

A buyout offer is not arbitrary, and it is not generous. An insurer calculates it as a figure below the actuarial present value of the policy's expected future claims, net of the future premiums you would pay. In plain terms: the carrier estimates what it expects your policy to cost it over the years ahead, subtracts the premiums it expects to collect from you, and offers you something less than that difference. Accepting extinguishes the carrier's long-term net liability and frees the statutory reserves it must hold against your policy.

This is the core asymmetry to hold in mind. The buyout is priced to be favorable to the insurer in expectation. That is not a scandal — it is simply what it means for a company to buy back its own obligation. But it has a direct implication: as a general tendency, a buyout offer is most attractive to the party making it when the policy is most valuable to the person holding it. A healthy policyholder with a long life expectancy and strong odds of a lengthy future claim is exactly the policy an insurer most wants off its books — and exactly the policyholder for whom surrendering it tends to be the worst trade.

The tax trap almost no one mentions

Here is the consideration that rarely appears in a carrier's cover letter: a cash buyout can be a taxable event.

Most tax-qualified long-term care policies under IRC §7702B have no cash surrender value by design — that is part of what makes them tax-qualified. A buyout, then, is not a contractual surrender value you are entitled to; it is a voluntary, one-time offer the carrier extends to retire the policy. The tax treatment of such an offer is not settled: we found no IRS ruling on it. A common assumption is that the part of the payment above the premiums you paid is taxable as ordinary income, but no IRS guidance confirms it, and premiums you previously deducted, or that an employer paid, can make more of it taxable. Transamerica, for one, tells policyholders it may issue an IRS Form 1099 for the payment and that taxable income "could exceed the amount that we report." NAIC guidance adopted in 2020 says cash offers should disclose that the option could be a taxable event and advise consulting a tax professional.

What this means in practice: the headline buyout number is a pre-tax figure. If your cash offer exceeds what you paid in premiums over the life of the policy, the excess may land on your tax return as ordinary income, in the year you accept, potentially at your marginal rate. A buyout that looks like it roughly returns your premiums may be worth materially less after tax than the sticker figure suggests. This is genuinely individual, it interacts with whether your policy is tax-qualified, and it is exactly the kind of question to put to a tax professional before signing — not after.

When a buyout can make sense — and when it usually doesn't

The buyout is not always the wrong answer. It occupies a narrow band of situations where surrendering for cash is defensible. The shape of that band is fairly consistent, though the specific math is personal and belongs with a qualified advisor.

Where a buyout tends to make sense

• You would otherwise let the policy lapse. If the premium has become genuinely unaffordable and you were heading toward walking away with nothing, a cash buyout captures value you would otherwise forfeit entirely. Cash beats a forfeited policy.
• Your health or life expectancy is materially impaired. The policy's value to you comes from the probability and length of a future claim. If that probability is low — because of a serious health condition that shortens life expectancy — the expected value of keeping the coverage falls, and the certain cash can be the better trade.
• You have decided, deliberately, to self-fund. If your assets can absorb a stochastic long-term care episode and you have concluded you would rather self-insure than keep paying premiums, a buyout is a rational off-ramp. We model the self-funding math at several net-worth levels in Self-Insure vs LTC Insurance: Real Math at $1M, $2M, $5M Net Worth.

Where a buyout usually doesn't make sense

• You are in good health with a long life expectancy. This is the profile the insurer most wants to buy out, which is the clearest signal it is the profile that should be most reluctant to sell.
• Your policy has features that can no longer be purchased. Lifetime benefit periods, unlimited policy limits, and rich compound-inflation riders sold years ago are effectively unavailable in today's market at any price. Surrendering one for cash means giving up coverage you cannot replace.
• The premium — even after the increase — is affordable relative to your assets and to the coverage it buys. If the annual premium is a small fraction of your net worth and the policy insures a catastrophic tail you could not comfortably self-fund, the premium is doing exactly the job insurance is supposed to do.

Whether the buyout is worth considering at all, and how it stacks against keeping or reducing the policy, is a comparison of present values that turns on your health, your assets, your tax situation, and your tolerance for the long-tail risk long-term care insurance exists to cover. That comparison is yours to make — ideally with a fee-only advisor who is paid by you rather than on commission, and a tax professional for the §72(e) question. These are questions to evaluate, not decisions this page can make for you.

Compare your buyout offer in the buyout calculator →

How to read your own options letter

Policyholders who avoid the costly mistakes tend to work through the same short sequence:

1. Separating the columns. The paid-up figures (contingent nonforfeiture, reduced benefit) are a different kind of thing from the single cash figure (the buy-out offer), and the two are easy to transpose.
2. Locating the deadline. Buyout offers carry an acceptance window, and it can run on a different clock from the other rate-increase elections. Transamerica's filed forms, for example, give 180 days from the letter date for the buyout but 120 days for some benefit changes, and require a notarized agreement that is received, not just postmarked, by the due date. The exact date and how it is counted are the things to pin down first.
3. Pricing the buyout after tax. Some of the cash may be taxable, commonly assumed to be any portion that exceeds total premiums paid, so the after-tax figure — not the sticker figure — is the one that compares against keeping the policy. The buyout calculator does this step.
4. Valuing what would be given up. The daily benefit, benefit period, inflation rider, and policy limit define the coverage a buyout ends. A buyout is only "good" relative to that coverage — and some of it may be irreplaceable.
5. Taking it to a fiduciary. A buyout is a permanent decision made against a deadline — precisely the situation that warrants a short conversation with an independent, fee-only advisor, and a tax professional on the tax question, before anything is signed.

The bottom line

A buyout is the one option on a long-term care letter that hands you money and closes the policy for good. The cash is real. So is what you surrender to get it — and the tax that may come off the top. The number was built to favor the carrier, which means the burden is on the offer to prove it fits your situation, not the other way around. Confirm which column is the cash column, price it after tax, value the coverage you would lose, and put the permanent decision in front of someone licensed and independent before the deadline runs. If keeping the policy is on the table, start with Should I Drop My LTC Policy? and the full five-option breakdown — the buyout is only one path of several, and it is rarely the default one.